Effusivity

• The effective temperature at which fingertips sense thermal effusivity and the bias of measurements

  Thermoreceptors in the fingertips sense the temperature drop upon contact with an object and in that way its thermal effusivity. But, at which effective object temperature? That is the question...

• Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Filled with Copper Composites

  Thermal and electrical conductivity of unsaturated polyester resin with copper filler composite material is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In the experiments, polyester matrix...

• Mathis AAPS Effusivity Workshop Presentations, 2005

  Workshop Presentations

  Mathis AAPS Effusivity Workshop
  Nov, 2005, McGovack Rm, CD

• Effusivity as a PAT Tool Workshop, Nov, 2004

  Workshop Presentations

  Effusivity Seminar: Effusivity as a PAT Tool Workshop
  Nov, 2004, Baltimore MD

• Workshop: Thermal Effusivity as a Fully Automated PAT to Control Fluid Bed Drying, April 26, 2005

  Workshop Presentations
   
  (INTERPHEX 2005) – Conference & Exhibition, 
  April 26-28, 2005, Javits Convention Center, NY

• In Search of Thermal Effusivity Reference Materials

  Quality initiatives such as ISO 9001 require reference values for laboratory measurements. There are no certified reference materials for the secondary material property of thermal effusivity....

• Application of the Modified Transient Plane Source Technique for Early Detection of Liquid Explosive

  The paper will review the feasibility of adapting the Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS) method as a screening tool for early-detection of explosives and hazardous materials. Materials can be...

• Effect of relative humidity on acetaminophen tablet properties prepared by different techniques

  Amount of moisture content present in solid dosage forms plays a major role in influencing the physicochemical properties of tablets such as dissolution rate, disintegration time, hardness, etc....

• Synthesis and Desensitization of Nano-β-HMX

  Efforts are made worldwide to desensitize explosives against accidental initiation. For several years, nanostructuring of explosives is a promising field of research aiming for this goal. In this...

• Enhanced thermal conductivity of polymer composites filled with hybrid filler

  This study aims at investigating package materials based on polymer matrix for microelectronics. The next generation package materials are expected to possess high heat dissipation capability in...

• The Role of Thermal Effusivity

  Inspired by a previously published TPT article,¹ this paper describes the concept of thermal effusivity and the role of this parameter in understanding thermal physics concepts, in particular the...

• Evaluation of the Blending Process of Pharmaceutical Granules with Magnesium Stearate by ESP

  Magnesium Stearate (MgSt) is a widely used lubricant for preventing tablet compression trouble. It is known that the powder characteristic of MgSt is different among MgSts manufactured by different...

• Investigation of Expandable Polymeric Microspheres for Packaging Applications

  This report documents an investigation of the feasibility of incorporating expandable polymeric microspheres into polyolefin films for food packaging applications and the ability of
  the...

• Effusivity as a useful tool in Powder Characterization

  Join researchers from Long Island University's School of Pharmacy as they discuss their work in applying C-Therm's ESP system in powder characterization. Thermal effusivity is a powerful tool in...

• Basics of Thermal Effusivity Application as a PAT Tool in the Pharmaceutical Industry

  Description: Learn about how the thermal property of effusivity (thermal inertia) can be leveraged in profiling various operations in processing of powders within the pharmaceutical industry. This...

• Lubricant Systems Based on Ratios of Mg. St Polymorphs

  Magnesium Stearate is a common lubricant used in the Pharmaceutical industry, as it plays a significant role in the processablity of solid dosage formulations. Commercially available Magnesium...

• In-Line Monitoring Blend Operations Using Effusivity

  Blending operations are integral to most solids pharmaceutical manufacturing today whether used to achieve a state of API and excipient uniformity as in a direct blend application or to provide...

• Determining Granulation Endpoint with Effusivity

  Wet granulation is one of the oldest methods to prepare granules and effectively monitoring the wet granulation process is important in the field of pharmaceuticals. To date significant has been...

• Thermal Effusivity Application as a PAT Tool to Monitor and Control Roller Compaction Processes

  The objective is to evaluate applicability of thermal effusivity as a PAT tool in monitoring roller compaction processes. Effusivity of materials is function of their thermal conductivity, heat...

• Three Dimensional Homogeneity Characterization in Composite Materials

  Fiber reinforcement has revolutionized the applications of plastics. The introduction of fibers improves the mechanical properties over the base resin, producing engineering materials with a wide...

• Typical Liquid Effusivities

  The Mathis Technology is a useful tool for testing liquids to evaluate for thermal effusivity or for a quick comparison to other liquids for quality control. For example if thermal effusivity...

• Monitoring Blend Uniformity with Effusivity

  The authors describe the measurement of the effusivity of blended and unblended commercial pharmaceutical formulations to effectively differentiate between materials and then to determine if the...

• Explorations in Effusivity

  It was more than the free wine that brought a crowd of 80 pharma professionals and equipment makers to the fourth annual Mathis Effusivity Seminar in Baltimore last month. Thermal effusivity is...

• Process Analytical Technology and ASTM Committee E55

  ASTM Committee E55 will facilitate the implementation of the PAT framework through the active participation of industry, academia, and the FDA. This cooperation will be crucial as a drug quality...

• In-line Monitoring tool for Magnesium Stearate Blending End-Point Determination

  In September 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration released a Process Analytical Technology (PAT) guidance document to encourage the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry improve their...

• Thermal PAT Tool for Blend Uniformity

  Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiatives by the FDA have motivated vendors to introduce innovative, new technologies to the pharmaceutical field. A noteworthy example from Mathis Instruments...

• Novel Use of Effusivity as Predictor of Granulation Endpoint

  A 3^3–1 -fractional factorial experimental design was used to elucidate the use of effusivity in predicting wet granulation end-point in high-shear mixers. Power consumption was also monitored and...

• PAT for Drying

  Vendors, manufacturers team up to roll out the latest in mass and NIR spectrometers, effusivity sensors and other PAT-worthy technologies.

• Standard Test Method for the Measurement of Thermal Effusivity of Raw and Process Materials

  This standard describes the method of use for a PAT system to measure a physical property (effusivity) that has practical application in monitoring blending (uniformity and lubrication), drying,...

• Implementation of Thermal Effusivity Tool for Drying Endpoint Determination

  Thermal effusivity relates to a material’s ability to transfer heat. It is demonstrated when you touch a piece of metal with one hand while you touch a piece of foam with the other. Despite being...

• Oriented Polymers

  The results from testing PET in two orientations on the Mathis Technology can be found below in graphical and table formats. The slopes are clearly different which corresponds to higher heat loss...

• Evaluation and Characterization of Mixed Lubricant Systems

  Purpose: To investigate the physicochemical characteristics of mixed lubricant systems comprising of known ratios of polymorphs of magnesium stearate (MgSt) in direct compressible formulations....

• Thermal Effusivity as a PAT to Optimize Blend Uniformity

  In October 2003, FDA released a draft guidance that introduced PAT to the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry [1]. PAT is a science based approach that focuses on the improvement of manufacturing...

• Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Standardization Update

  Any parent will identify with the analogy between the development of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and the development of a child. First, before there is a child, there is the desire to have...

• Effusivity Characterization of Thin Films

  The relationship between thermal conductivity, effusivity, heat capacity etc. and changes in polymer structure caused by degradation shows promise to provide a potential non-destructive method for...

• AAPS 2005: An Automated Dryer Monitoring Mechanism

  This paper features an automated dryer monitoring mechanism that facilitates on-line end point detection in a fluidized bed process.

• Manufacturing: Improve Your Productivity

  Mathis ESP is a powerful, new tool for manufacturers that can supplement your release protocols or replace them. It provides critical information at key production stages to improve your...

• Magnesium Stearate Solution

  When tablets fail ... they fail at dissolution testing. That is too late in the process to make any changes. With advanced tablet presses that monitor hardness real time, the problem can still...

• Sampling Location Options for Drying Processes: On- At- or Off-Line

  The main goals of using on-line monitoring are to improve i) manufacturing efficiency and ii) product quality. On-line monitoring provides a “process check” that occurs within the actual unit...

• USP General Information Chapter 1073 Effusivity

  Effusivity (also known as thermal effusivity) is a thermal property present in materials of all formats—solid, liquid, paste, powder, and gas. Effusivity measures the rate at which a material can...

• Formulation and Process Engineering

  Mathis ESP is a powerful, new tool for formulation development and production scale-up. It is simple to use, and allows you to optimize formulations quickly and cost-effectively. Effusivity is an...

• Moisture Analysis of Carbomer Powder Using Effusivity

  The modified hot wire technique was applied to evaluate the thermal effusivity as a process analysis tool to monitor the moisture content of carbomer powders. It shows that the thermal effusivity...

• Particle Settling

  The Mathis technology has the ability to obtain thermal data on solid and liquid samples within seconds.
  This has begged the question “Can we use the instrument for kinetic studies?” In a recent...

• Quality Control in Battery Manufacturing

  Three critical control points in battery manufacturing include: 1) blending quality; 2) drying end point determination and 3) porosity measurements. Overblending or underblending may result in...

• Effusivity as a PAT to Optimize, Monitor and Control Fluid Bed Drying

  This paper points out the advantages and disadvantages of several drying monitoring techniques and examines thermal effusivity measurements as an alternative within a PAT framework.

• Novel Use of Effusivity as Predictor of Granulation Endpoint & Effect of Load Size

  A 3^3–1 -fractional factorial experimental design was used to elucidate the use of effusivity in predicting wet granulation end-point in high-shear mixers. Power consumption was also monitored and...

• A Novel Technique for Determination of Real Time Blend Uniformity

  Purpose. To introduce a new technique for monitoring powder blend uniformity in a manner that allows on-line control. The existing blenders can be retrofitted to allow for real time monitoring...

• Stages of Technical Evaluation

  There are three stages that form part of any investigation of our effusivity instrument to determine its sensitivity to blend uniformity monitoring within a formulation. These stages have been...

• Blend Uniformity Group Phase 1

  Mathis Instruments Ltd. (Mathis) has developed a technology that has the potential to measure blend uniformity during mixing. The technology has been tried in an off line format internally and...

• Data Mining Collaboration: Effusivity vs %LC

  Effusivity does not measure the amount of active ingredient, but rather the uniformity of the major components in the blend. An assumption must be made that uniformly blended excipients will...

• Blend Uniformity Group Phase 2

  Blend-Tech (BT) has technology that has the potential to measure blend uniformity during mixing. The end goal is to work collaboratively with blender manufacturers on a solution that can be easily...

• Cost Recovery for Blend Uniformity Testing with Effusivity

  There are several components of potential economic benefit of improved blend uniformity testing common to any pharmaceutical company and an additional component for generic producers. Estimates...

• Measuring Sensory Warmth

  When you touch a piece of metal with one hand and a piece of wood with the other hand, the metal feels colder to the touch. The metal and wood are actually at the same temperature though – room...

• Effusivity vs Diffusivity for Detecting Variations in Filler Content

  The effusivity measurement of the Mathis Technology combines thermal conductivity, density and heat capacity. (Effusivity = √(kρc_p)). Diffusivity combines the same terms, but the density and heat...

• Effusivity of Automotive Interior Overhead Panels

  The Mathis Technology is an effective and simple instrument for quality control analysis, a key in manufacturing. This is especially important in the manufacture and installation of automotive...

• Effusivity of Edible Powders

  The Mathis Technology is an effective and simple instrument to determine powder blend uniformity. This is important to not only pharmaceutical companies (see B24) but also to food processors. A...

• Kinetics of Oil and Water Separation

  The Mathis Technology has the ability to obtain thermal data on solid and liquid samples within seconds. This has begged the question “Can we use the instrument for kinetic studies?” In a recent...

• Fabric Thermosetting Testing

  Fabric samples with different thermoset temperatures were evaluated to determine if the Mathis Technology could detect any differences due to the thermal history. The results plotted below indicate...

• Humidity Variation in Foams

  The Mathis Technology has been used to measure variations in many systems. The variations can be from location to location, batch to batch, over time or in depth of sample penetration, the...

• Thermal Effusivity as a Void or Delamination Measurement

  Thermal effusivity has been measured on materials that include carboncarbon aerospace composites, air ship fabric and thin rubber materials. The effusivity, which multiplies thermal conductivity,...

• Effusivity Values at Different Temperatures

  Many customers require effusivity values at different temperatures than those provided in the Mathis Technology software. The following are effusivity values for all the Mathis Technology...

• Effusivity as a Method of Detecting Powder Homogeneity for Pharmaceuticals

  When powdered components are blended during drug production, timing is critical. If the blending period is too short, the agitation has been insufficient to produce a homogeneous product. If...

• Determining the Test Pressure

  With many applications the magnitude of thermal conductivity or effusivity is a function of pressure. This is true for example of compressible fabrics, electronic gap filling interface materials,...

• Heat Transfer Properties of Engineering Plastics by Effusivity

  Knowledge of the thermal conductivity of engineering plastics aids in the selection of a candidate polymer. A fundamental property of a plastic material of construction, in a computer or in hot...

• Determining the Test Mass

  When the Mathis Technology is used to evaluate pharmaceutical powders, it is a requirement to understand
  the mass of the material tested to meet the FDA requirements that test samples be between 1...

• Load Dependant Effusivity of Fabrics

  A series of six different fabrics were evaluated for thermal effusivity; 100% Virgin wool, 100% cotton sock, 100% cotton jeans, fleece, 87% nylon/13% spandex and 73% Rayon/ 27% polyester. All the...

• Application of Effusivity as PAT Tool for Roller Compaction

  The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical characteristics of compacted ribbons and their thermal effusivity in an attempt to evaluate the feasibility of using...

• Wet Granulation Endpoint Determination with Effusivity

  The objective was to determine end point wet granulation of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel 101) using solid state rheological and effusivity measurements.

• Monitoring the Effect of Moisture on Dextrose with Effusivity

  Dextrose Monohydrate (Emdex®) is commonly used in pharmaceutical industry as a tabletting excipient for orally disintegrating tablets. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of moisture at...

• Additive Effect of Magnesium Stearate and Stear-O-Wet on Wet Granulation

  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium stearate and stear-o-wet on wet granulation while adding the lubricants during the wet granulation process and then measuring the...

• Thermal Effusivity of Raw and Process Materials

  This standard describes the method of use for a PAT system to measure a physical property (effusivity) that has practical application in monitoring blending (uniformity and lubrication), drying,...

• Drying Endpoint Determination

  Thermal effusivity relates to a material’s ability to transfer heat. It is demonstrated when you touch a piece of metal with one hand while you touch a piece of foam with the other. Despite being...

• Determination of Optimal Blending Time

  To understand the blending process and determine the optimal blending time for an experimental product using a PK blender equipped with thermal effusivity sensors. Compare the data obtained with...

• A Novel Technique for Raw Material Quality Control

  Powders are blended together for pharmaceutical product manufacture and the consistency of those powders is critical to the quality of the product. Typically four or more individual components are...

• Optimization of Technique for Nondestructive Evaluation of Powders

  Effusivity is a critical thermophysical property that can be measured during the production of powders. Since effusivity varies with the degree of mixing present in a blend of powders, the ability...

• Quality Control for Automotive Interiors

  Measuring the comfort of interior materials has been difficult to quantify. With contact feel, insulating for temperature and sound as critical performance criteria, a method for accurately and...

• Measure Thermal Properties of Liquids in Seconds

  The Mathis TC-30 is helping researchers accelerate the thermal characterization of liquids and pastes, as well as powders and solids. For process design, kinetic studies and liquid materials...

• Do Not Equate Accuracy for Precision

  Good precision does not imply good accuracy, and good accuracy does not imply good precision. If different test methods each with excellent precision give significantly different results, neither...

• Testing Fire Retardant Materials

  In the evaluation of new materials and additives for fire retardant applications, it is necessary to evaluate the material not only before but also after it is exposed to flame. Ideally, as burning...

• Flammability and Fire Protection

  The Pyris Mathis Technology measures effusivity, √(kρc_p) where k is thermal conductivity (W/m⋅K), ρ is density I(kg/m³) and c_p is specific heat capacity (J/kg⋅K). The term effusivity is referred to...

• Thermal Effusivity: Characterizing Gas Diffusion Electrodes

  Preliminary results for a new methodology of measuring porosity in gas diffusion electrodes are presented. A  rapid, non-destructive method to characterize composite materials processed in a film...

• Thermal Effusivity as a Possible Indicator of Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution

  Characterization of three chemically identical but physically different powder samples yielded unexpected but logical results. Thermal effusivity values appeared to correlate with particle size,...